Marda tal-koronavirus 2019
COVID-19 hija marda li tittieħed ikkawżata mill-koronavirus SARS-CoV-2. F'Jannar 2020, il-marda tinfirex mad-dinja kollha, li jirriżulta fil-pandemija tal-COVID-19.
Is-sintomi tal-COVID-19 jistgħu jvarjaw iżda ħafna drabi jinkludu d-deni,[7] għeja, sogħla, diffikultajiet biex tieħu n-nifs, telf ta' riħa, u telf ta 'togħma.[8][9][10] Is-sintomi jistgħu jibdew minn jum sa erbatax-il jum wara l-espożizzjoni għall-virus. Mill-inqas terz tan-nies li huma infettati ma jiżviluppawx sintomi notevoli.[11][12] Minn dawk li jiżviluppaw sintomi notevoli biżżejjed biex jiġu kklassifikati bħala pazjenti, l-aktar (81%) tiżviluppa sintomi ħfief għal moderati (sa pnewmonja ħafifa), filwaqt li 14% tiżviluppa sintomi severi (dispnea, ipoksja, jew aktar minn 50% involviment tal-pulmun fuq l-immaġini), u 5% tiżviluppa sintomi kritiċi (insuffiċjenza respiratorja, xokk, jew disfunzjoni multiorgani).[13] L-anzjani għandhom riskju ogħla li jiżviluppaw sintomi severi. Xi kumplikazzjonijiet jirriżultaw fil-mewt. Xi nies ikomplu jesperjenzaw firxa ta 'effetti (twil COVID) għal xhur jew snin wara l-infezzjoni, u ġiet osservata ħsara lill-organi.[14] Għaddejjin studji multi-snin dwar l-effetti fit-tul.[15]
It-trasmissjoni tal-COVID-19 sseħħ meta partiċelli infettivi jieħdu nifs jew jiġu f'kuntatt mal-għajnejn, imnieħer, jew ħalq. Ir-riskju huwa l-ogħla meta n-nies ikunu fil-viċin, iżda partiċelli żgħar fl-arja li fihom il-virus jistgħu jibqgħu sospiżi fl-arja u jivvjaġġaw fuq distanzi itwal, partikolarment ġewwa. It-trasmissjoni tista’ sseħħ ukoll meta n-nies imissu għajnejhom, imnieħer, jew ħalq wara li tmiss uċuħ jew oġġetti li ġew ikkontaminati mill-virus. In-nies jibqgħu kontaġjużi sa 20 days and can spread the virus even if they do not develop symptoms.[16]
Testing methods for COVID-19 to detect the virus’s nucleic acid include real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‑PCR),[17][18] transcription-mediated amplification,[17][18][19] and reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT‑LAMP)[17][18] from a nasopharyngeal swab.[20]
Several COVID-19 vaccines have been approved and distributed in various countries, many of which have initiated mass vaccination campaigns. Other preventive measures include physical or social distancing, quarantining, ventilation of indoor spaces, use of face masks or coverings in public, covering coughs and sneezes, hand washing, and keeping unwashed hands away from the face. While drugs have been developed to inhibit the virus, the primary treatment is still symptomatic, managing the disease through supportive care, isolation, and experimental measures.